Desde el año 2004 los pasajeros de avión gozan de una protección adicional gracias al Reglamento Europeo Nº 261/2004. En dicho reglamento, se estableció finalmente que la denegación de embarque, la cancelación o un retraso considerable de los vuelos constituyen situaciones molestas para los pasajeros y pueden causarles grandes inconvenientes que necesitan ser indemnizados.
¿A quiénes se aplica el Reglamento?
- A todos los pasajeros de avión que disponen de una reserva confirmada
- En vuelos que despegan de un aeropuerto europeo o que aterrizan en un aeropuerto europeo, siempre y cuando en este último caso la línea aérea tenga su base en la Unión Europea
En tal sentido es irrelevante si los pasajeros:
- Se encuentran en un viaje combinado
- Viajan con una compañía de bajo coste
- Viajan por trabajo
- Son niños (con billete pagado)
- Vuelan con billetes gratuitos o reducidos gracias a un programa de fidelización de clientes o puntos.
El reglamento no se aplica a:
- Pasajeros que viajan con una tarifa gratuita o reducida que no está disponible directa o indirectamente para el público en general
- Pasajeros que no han llegado a tiempo al mostrador para realizar la facturación. Salvo excepciones, los pasajeros deben presentarse en el mostrador de facturación al menos 45 minutos antes de la hora de salida (excepto en caso de cancelación)
En el Reglamento Europeo se recoge:
- Los derechos que te corresponden en caso de denegación de embarque contra tu voluntad, cancelación o retraso de vuelo
- Cuándo te corresponde recibir una indemnización de entre 250 € y 600 €
- Qué tipo de asistencia o transporte deben prestar las aerolíneas
- Cuándo puedes anular o cambiar la reserva de vuelo en caso de cancelaciones o retrasos considerables
- Cómo debes ser informado acerca de las cancelaciones y de tus derechos
¿Cuándo se puede obtener indemnización según la Regulación Europea Nº 261/2004?
Según la resolución, tu vuelo debe despegar o aterrizar en la Unión Europea, siendo en el último caso necesario que la línea aérea tenga su sede en algún país miembro. Tus reclamaciones son válidas hasta 5 años en retrospectiva. No importa si volaste de vacaciones o por trabajo, la persona que sufrió el inconveniente es la que recibe la compensación.
Tienes derecho a una indemnización en los siguientes casos:
- Retrasos: el vuelo llega a su destino con 3 o más de 3 horas de retraso
- Cancelaciones: si has sido informado de la cancelación con menos de 14 días antes de la salida del vuelo
- Overbooking: debido a una sobreventa de billete no encontraste un asiento a bordo, lo que equivale a denegar el embarque
- Pérdida del vuelo de conexión: si llegas al destino final con 3 o más de 3 horas de retraso debido a la pérdida de un vuelo conexión
- Problemas de equipaje: Los problemas de equipaje incluyen maleta retrasada, maleta rotura.
¿Qué son las circunstancias extraordinarias?
En el Reglamento Europeo nº 261/2004 se estipula que si la aerolínea no es responsable del retraso o cancelación del vuelo, no está obligada a compensar a sus pasajeros. Las “circunstancias extraordinarias” eximen, por tanto, a las compañías del pago compensatorio.
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos:
- Restricción del espacio aéreo
- Cierre del aeropuerto
- Inestabilidad política
- Riesgos de seguridad inevitable
- Huelgas del personal del aeropuerto
- Colisión de pájaros con el motor del avión
- Condiciones climáticas adversas
Los derechos de los pasajeros
- Es posible que tengas derecho a una compensación de entre 250 a 600 euros por retraso de al menos 3 horas, cancelación, overbooking o pérdida de vuelo de conexión.
- A partir de las 2 horas de espera en el aeropuerto, también tienes derecho a refrescos y aperitivos.
- Después de 2 horas de espera en el aeropuerto, también tienes derecho a refrescos y comida.
Resquisitos:
- Has facturado a tiempo (generalmente, no menos de 45 minutos antes de la salida).
- Presentaste la reclamación dentro de los 5 años siguientes a la incidencia.
- La aerolínea es responsable del retraso (por ejemplo, problema técnico o tripulación enferma).
- El vuelo despegó en la UE (cualquier aerolínea) o aterrizó en la UE (siempre que la aerolínea tenga su sede en la UE).
- Puedes reclamar una compensación incluso si has viajado con un paquete turístico o en un viaje de negocios.
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